Actividad volcanica y clima...

leyendo este nuevo artículo sobre nuestras tatarabuelas bacterias termophilas me preguntaba si tendrían algo que ver con la actividad volcánica subártica ¿?

WITH a hibernation period of up to 100 million years, bacteria discovered on the Arctic sea floor may have longest life cycle of any known organism.

Casey Hubert from the Geosciences Group at Newcastle University, UK, and colleagues came across the bacteria while studying biological activity in sediment samples from the sea floor off the Norwegian island of Svalbard. What the team expected to find were organisms that flourish in the cold, but are killed at higher temperatures.

Sure enough there was a peak of microbial activity in the sediment at a warm 20 °C, but then the graph began to pick up again beyond 40 °C, and there was a second peak of biological activity at around 55 °C. A completely unexpected class of heat-loving microbes – thermophiles – had been embedded in the sediment as spores and only germinated as the temperature approached 50°C.

A look at the genetic sequences of the heat-lovers revealed that they are most closely related to bacteria from ecosystems in the warm, oxygen-depleted depths of oceanic crust or subsurface petroleum reservoirs. So what were heat-loving organisms doing in the freezing sediment of the Arctic?

Hubert's theory, presented earlier this month at a Society for General Microbiology meeting in Nottingham, UK, proposes that rising currents thrust some cells out of their deep hot niche and into the cold Arctic seawater, where they lie dormant.

Sediment buries them until the temperature rises enough for them to germinate – but this could take up to a 100 million years. "It's like there's a seed bank in the sediment of diverse thermophiles," says Hubert. These spores can remain viable for millions of years, he says, and so might wait-out the burial period and long migration down into the warmer subsurface. "This could explain how thermophiles colonise these subsurface niches and populate the deep biosphere," he says.

Geomicrobiologist John Parkes of Cardiff University, UK, points out that there is an alternative explanation. "The entire ocean is circulated through deep oceanic crust about every million years," he says, "so buried sediments could be inoculated as this fluid flows through them on its return to the ocean."

Arctic bugs may have the longest life-cycle on Earth

upsss  ¡¡cuidadín!!, ¡¡cuidadín!! con el SO2 del Merapi (parece que va dirección sur)

http://satepsanone.nesdis.noaa.gov/pub/OMI/OMISO2/images/OMI_ME_SO2_DDC2.GIF

comparación día 17 junio 1991 con el Pinatubo


Hemisferio norte
http://satepsanone.nesdis.noaa.gov/pub/OMI/OMISO2/blowup_drag_NH.html

hemisferio sur
http://satepsanone.nesdis.noaa.gov/pub/OMI/OMISO2/blowup_drag_SH2.html

Desconozco la altura de so2 de la imagen del Pinatubo ¿puede ser igual que la del Merapi 5 km?

¿creeis en la interacción de so2 de un volcán respecto a otro para erupcionar?

Ni punto de comparación, Fraus (por ahora)

Pinatubo: 30 Km. La imagen lo dice todo

si 1/250 a favor de pinatubo, creo. pero no por ello debemos menospreciarlo aunque sea VEI3 histórico

Por altura sobre todo si; ya veremos, habra que estar atentos

La erupción de ayer del Merapi, fue ya seria.

si ya sé que el Pinatubo inyectó a 30 km

Me refiero a esta imagen

¿5km igual que en esta http://satepsanone.nesdis.noaa.gov/pub/OMI/OMISO2/images/OMI_ME_SO2_DDC2.GIF ? (no lo pongo porque ocupa mucho)

VOLCANIC SUNSET ALERT: A plume of sulfur dioxide from Indonesia's deadly Mount Merapi volcano is swirling through the upper atmosphere over western Australia. This 7-day movie from the Global Ozone Monitoring Experiment-2 (GOME-2) onboard Europe's MetOp satellite shows the plume in motion, and it could soon swirl across the entire continent. Sky watchers in Australia should be alert for volcanic sunsets.




http://spaceweather.com

¿cuánto so2 debe haber este año por encima de nuestras cabezas?

Interesantísimo el brillo de la luna en los eclipses y su relación en la medida de aerosoles en la estratosfera antes, durante y después de erupciones volcánicas:

ALL-CLEAR IN THE STRATOSPHERE: Earth's stratosphere is as clear as it's been in more than 50 years. University of Colorado climate scientist Richard Keen knows this because he's been watching lunar eclipses. "Since 1996, lunar eclipses have been bright, which means the stratosphere is relatively clear of volcanic aerosols. This is the longest period with a clear stratosphere since before 1960." Consider the following comparison of a lunar eclipse observed in 1992 after the Philippine volcano Pinatubo spewed millions of tons of gas and ash into the atmosphere vs. an "all-clear" eclipse in 2003



Keen explains why lunar eclipses can be used to probe the stratosphere: "At the distance of the Moon, most of the light refracted into the umbra (Earth's shadow) passes through the stratosphere, which lies 10 to 30 miles above the ground. When the stratosphere is clear, the umbra (and therefore, the eclipsed Moon) is relatively bright. On the other hand, if the atmospheric lens that illuminates the Moon becomes dirty enough, light will be blocked and the eclipse will appear dark."

This is timely and important because the state of the stratosphere affects climate; a clear stratosphere "lets the sunshine in" to warm the Earth below. At a 2008 SORCE conference Keen reported that "The lunar eclipse record indicates a clear stratosphere over the past decade, and that this has contributed about 0.2 degrees to recent warming."

What will the eclipse 21st eclipse look like? "The stratosphere is still fairly clear, and the December 2010 eclipse should be normally bright," predicts Keen. "I welcome any and all reports on the brightness of future lunar eclipses for use in my volcano-climate studies. While actual brightness measurements (in magnitudes) made near mid-totality are most useful, I can also make use of Danjon-scale ratings of the eclipse. Please be sure to note the time, method, and instruments used in your reports." Submit your observations here.


Muy buenos e interesantes datos de esta presentación en powerpoint
http://www.heartland.org/bin/media/newyork09/PowerPoint/Richard_Keen.ppt

http://www.spaceweather.com/


Escala de brillo lunar

Danjon Scale of Lunar Eclipse Brightness
Fred Espenak

The Moon's appearance during a total lunar eclipse can vary enormously from one eclipse to the next. Obviously, the geometry of the Moon's path through the umbra plays an important role. Not as apparent is the effect that Earth's atmosphere has on eclipses. Although the physical mass of Earth blocks off all direct sunlight from the umbra, the planet's atmosphere refracts some of the Sun's rays into the shadow. Earth's atmosphere contains varying amounts of water (clouds, mist, precipitation) and solid particles (dust, organic debris, volcanic ash). This material filters and attenuates the sunlight before it's refracted into the umbra. For instance, large or frequent volcanic eruptions dumping huge quantities of ash into the atmosphere are often followed by very dark, red eclipses for several years. Extensive cloud cover along Earth's limb also tends to darken the eclipse by blocking sunlight. The French astronomer A. Danjon proposed a useful five point scale for evaluating the visual appearance and brightness of the Moon during total lunar eclipses. 'L' values for various luminosities are defined as follows:

     L = 0     Very dark eclipse.
               Moon almost invisible, especially at mid-totality.

     L = 1     Dark Eclipse, gray or brownish in coloration.
               Details distinguishable only with difficulty.

     L = 2     Deep red or rust-colored eclipse.
               Very dark central shadow, while outer edge of umbra
               is relatively bright.

     L = 3     Brick-red eclipse.
               Umbral shadow usually has a bright or yellow rim.

     L = 4     Very bright copper-red or orange eclipse.
               Umbral shadow has a bluish, very bright rim.

The assignment of an 'L' value to lunar eclipses is best done with the naked eye, binoculars or a small telescope near the time of mid-totality. It's also useful to examine the Moon's appearance just after the beginning and before the end of totality. The Moon is then near the edge of the shadow and provides an opportunity to assign an 'L' value to the outer umbra. In making any evaluations, you should record both the instrumentation and the time. Also note any variations in color and brightness in different parts of the umbra, as well as the apparent sharpness of the shadow's edge. Pay attention to the visibility of lunar features within the umbra. Notes and sketches made during the eclipse are invaluable in recalling details, events and impressions.

http://eclipse.gsfc.nasa.gov/OH/Danjon.html

No se si alguien había puesto algo de esto pero parece muy interesante:

http://www.gomeranoticias.com/articulos/29/enero/2011/registran-temblores-en-el-teide-que-coinciden-con-baja-presion-y-lluvia

Pue si te parece interesante...

El embríon:

https://foro.tiempo.com/climatologia/actividad+volcanica+y+clima-t88955.0.html;msg2371275#msg2371275

El neonato:

http://www.avcan.org/?m=Noticias&a=noticia&N=809


Y ahora falta reunir más datos para montar algo con más contenido meteorológico.

¿Entonces Metagrita, la contracción de la Atmósfera antes de una erupción volcánica  no tiene cabida?

Ah! Tienes razón, Fraus! Que de esa parte no había ampliado info.

Una cosa son posibles fenómenos de despresurización por brusco descenso de la presión atmosférica y otra muy distinta es la propia influencia de la presión atmosferica sobre un sistema volcánico, sobre todo si hablamos de islas oceánicas. Supongo que te refieres a esta frase:

Por tanto, no me casa lo que dice _00_ de una contracción de la atmósfera… mayor presión atmosférica… mayor actividad volcánica.  Es justo lo contrario.

Pues me había "colao", bacalao y  la opinión de  _00_  podría ser correcta. En determinados volcanes se observa un aumento/disminución de la actividad en consonancia con los aumentos/disminuciones de la presión atmósferica, al tiempo que simultaneamente experimentan procesos de desgasificación por caida de presión. Son dos cosas diferentes.

Icelandic volcano exonerated for harsh winter of 1783–1784

The Laki eruption has been blamed for the anomalously cold winter of 1783–1784.

However, a new study by D’Arrigo et al. challenges that interpretation, suggesting instead that the cold winter was caused not by the Laki eruption but by an unusual combination of a negative phase of the North Atlantic Oscillation (NAO) and an El Niño–Southern Oscillation (ENSO) warm phase. The authors analyzed 600-year tree ring reconstructions to show that the NAO and ENSO indices were similar to their values during the 2009–2010 winter, which, like the 1783–1784 winter, was unusually cold and snowy across western Europe and eastern North America. The 2009–2010 winter has been shown to be attributable to NAO and ENSO conditions (and their combined effect), not to greenhouse gas forcing or other causes. The authors add that other data and climate simulations support their hypothesis that this natural NAO/ENSO variability, not the Laki eruption, caused the cold winter of 1783–1784.

Icelandic volcano exonerated for harsh winter of 1783–1784

The Laki eruption has been blamed for the anomalously cold winter of 1783–1784.

The authors analyzed 600-year tree ring reconstructions to show that

  ¿La reconstrucción dendrocronológica de quien?
La palabra dendro casi desautoriza el estudio. Pero en fin.... habrá que creerselo porque ellos son científicos que siempre dicen la verdad.