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Persistence of the Gleissberg 88-year solar cycle over the last ∼12,000years: Evidence from cosmogenic isotopes
7. Conclusions
[64] As well known, the Gleissberg cycle is manifested
both in amplitude and period of the Schwabe cycle determined
from relative sunspot numbers during the last 300
years. The fitting of the period of the Gleissberg cycle in
modulated sunspot number time series yields a value very
close to 88 years as in aurora sightings time series.
[65] The Gleissberg cycle is prominent in Fourier spectra
of cosmogenic isotopes variations in the Earth’s atmosphere
(INTCAL98 radiocarbon record) for the last
11,854 years.
The period of the Gleissberg cycle determined from long
records of cosmogenic isotope data is equal to 88 ± 0.2
years. We confirmed that the Gleissberg cycle is modulated
by the 208-year Suess cycle which is manifested and
justified by their combination tones. The periods of those
tones as we determined from the new, improved data set are
150 and 61 years.
[66] We found that the amplitude of the Gleissberg cycle
appears to be modulated by a long-term quasiperiodic
process of timescale 2200 years. This can be detected
indirectly by their combination tones at periods 91.5 ± 0.1
and 84.6 ± 0.1 years. Although this may be an oversimplification
because more than one sideband of 88-year
peak can be observed in frequency domain in Figure 5 and
Figure 6. Thus, other long-term processes may be involved
in modulation of the Gleissberg cycle.
[67] Also there is other, direct, evidence observed in time
domainformodulationoftheGleissbergcyclemagnitudeby
a long-term process of ca. 2000-year timescale as revealed
by bandpass filtering and time–frequency analysis of the
INTCAL98 radiocarbon record (Figures 7a–7b and 9).
[68] As a closing remark, we would like to point out that
revealing the apparent stability of the Gleissberg cycle over
such a long period of time is of interest and of great
significance for solar physics and presents an interesting
challenge to solar dynamo theories. That stability may also
possibly set limits on quasi-chaotic behavior of solar processes
on longer than 11-year timescales
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