Volcanes submarinos bajo el Ártico :
2007:
Scientists find evidence for subsea volcanic blast of CO2 
Location of Gakkel Ridge in the Arctic Ocean (yellow dot; left). Fine-grained volcanic debris blanketing the seafloor on the Gakkel Ridge. Grains like these are usually ejected by explosive eruptions and eventually settle through the water onto the seafloor (centre). Glassy, granular fragments of volcanic debris, providing evidence that volcanoes on the Arctic Ocean seafloor had erupted violently (right). Picture source: Google Earth and Carlowicz (2008).
Operating from the Swedish icebreaker Oden, a research team led by Woods Hole Oceanographic Institution in 2007 uncovered evidence of explosive volcanic eruptions on the Arctic Ocean seafloor almost 3.8 km deep. Usually, scientists would not expect volcanoes submerged under such intense water pressure to be capable of such violent eruptions. Researchers found jagged, glassy fragments of rock (pyroclastic deposits) spread out over a 10 km2 area around a series of small volcanic craters on the Gakkel Ridge, which is a little known extension of the mid-Atlantic ridge into the Arctic Ocean (Carlowicz 2008).
“These are the first pyroclastic deposits we've ever found in such deep water, at oppressive pressures that should inhibit the formation of steam, and many people thought this was not possible,” said Rob Reves-Sohn, chief scientist of an expedition to the Gakkel Ridge in July 2007. “
This means that a tremendous blast of carbon dioxide was released into the water column during the explosive eruption.” Although only little is known about the deeper parts of the Arctic Ocean, the bottom water in this part of the Arctic Ocean is not expected to mix much with surface waters (Carlowicz 2008). The research findings were published in the journal Nature June 26, 2008.
http://www.climate4you.comhttp://www.climate4you.com/ReferencesCited.htmVolcanes submarinos bajo el Polo Norte
http://www.elpais.com/articulo/futuro/Volcanes/submarinos/Polo/Norte/elpfutpor/20030730elpepifut_5/Tes
Metano oceánico y petroleo de origen natural:
Descubren volcanes submarinos de asfalto de la Edad de Hielo
Chris Reddy, un científico del WHOI y co-autor del artículo, dice que "los volcanes han subrayado un hecho poco conocido: la mitad del petróleo que entra al medio ambiente costero es de filtraciones naturales de petróleo como los de la costa de California".
Los investigadores también determinaron que los volcanes eran a la vez una prolífica fuente de metano, un gas de efecto invernadero.
http://www.vistaalmar.es/content/view/1071/206/http://www.nsf.gov/Saludos
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