Sachs, J.P. 2007. Cooling of Northwest Atlantic slope waters during the Holocene. Geophysical Research Letters 34: 10.1029/2006GL028495
http://faculty.washington.edu/jsachs/lab/www/Sachs-NW_Atlantic_Holocene_Cooling-GRL07.pdf"Detailed sea surface temperature records from the slopewaters east of the USA and
Canada indicate that substantial, near-monotonic cooling of 4-10 degC began 11,000
years ago and continues unabated to the present."
"Several hypotheses are presented to explain the severe cooling of NW Atlantic slopewaters
during the Holocene. First, we propose that decreasing summer insolation at
high northern latitudes had a direct radiative effect on the slopewaters. Second, we
hypothesize a large equatorward shift in the mean position of the Gulf Stream, from
east of Newfoundland in the early Holocene to east of the Mid-Atlantic Bight today.
Third, we speculate that North Atlantic climate evolution during the Holocene was
analogous to an extended positive phase of the North Atlantic Oscillation. Finally, we
suggest that cooling of the Northwest Atlantic slopewaters is an important prelude to
the expansion of perennial ice in Northeastern Canada and the start of the next glacial
period."